2A - Alcohols  /35

    1)          State 1 method that alcohols are made  [2]

                    Alkene and steam [1] with H₃PO₄  [1]    OR

                    Fermentation of glucose  [1]  Yeast, 37^oC  [1]

    2)          Show with the aid of a diagram how ethanol dissolves in water:  [2] 

                    H - bond must be from lone pair on one molecule to H on the other  [1]

                    Dipoles  [1]  Labelled H - bond  [1]

    3)           Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of propanol  [3]

                    C₃H₇OH    +    4.5 O₂    à    3CO₂    +    4H₂O   

                                                [1]              [1]              [1]

    4)           Classify the following alcohols as primary, secondary, tertiary:  [3]

                    a)  CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₃  secondary  [1]

                    b)  (CH₃)₃C(OH)  tertiary  [1]

                    c)  CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH  primary  [1]

    5)           This question is about the oxidation of alcohols:

                    a)  Name the product for the complete oxidation of propan-1-ol  [1]  Propanoic acid

                    b)  Name the product for the complete oxidation of propan-2-ol  [1]  Propanone

                    c)  Name the product for the partial oxidation of butan-1-ol  [1]  Butanal

                    d)  What reagents would be used for the above oxidations  [2] 

                            sodium (or potassium) dichromate (VI)  [1]  Sulphuric acid  [1]

                    e)  What technique would be used for partial oxidation  [1]  distillation

                    f)   Explain how this technique allows you to collect the desired product  [1] 

                            Aldehyde has PD - PD [1]  alcohol and carboxylic acid has H-Bonding [1]

                    g)  Write a balanced chemical equation for part (a)  [3]

                            CH₃CH₂CH₂OH    +    2[O]    à    CH₃CH₂COOH    +    H₂O   

                                                                [1]                      [1]                    [1]

    6)           This question is about esters:

                    a)  CH₃CH₂COOCH₃  name this molecule  [1]  Methyl propanoate

                    b)  HCOOCH₂CH₃  name this molecule  [1]  Ethyl methanoate

                    c)  Write a balanced chemical equation for the formation of (a)  [4]

                            CH₃CH₂COOH    +    CH₃OH    à    CH₃CH₂COOCH₃    +    H₂O   

                                      [1]                        [1]                      [1]                         [1]

                    d)  Write a balanced chemical equation for the formation of (b)  [4]

                            HCOOH    +    CH₃CH₂OH    à    HCOOCH₂CH₃    +    H₂O   

                                [1]                      [1]                          [1]                      [1]

                    e)  What other reagent would be used for the reactions above?  [1]  Sulphuric acid

    7)           Ethanol can be converted back into ethene. 

                  Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction, include any other reagents  [4]

                            CH₃CH₂OH    à    CH₂=CH₂    +    H₂O        (phosphoric acid catalyst)

                                  [1]                       [1]                 [1]                         [1]