1B Carboxylic acids  /12

    1)          a)  Write the molecular formula for ethyl propanoate  [1]

                                                                 CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₃

                 b)  Write a balanced chemical equation for the formation of ethyl propanoate  [1]

                                CH₃CH₂COOH   +    HOCH₂CH₃      à        CH₃CH₂COOCH₂CH₃    +    H₂O

                 c)  Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium metal  [1]

                                CH₃COOH   +    Na      à        CH₃COO^-Na⁺    +    1/2 H₂

                 d)  Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and potassium hydroxide  [1]

                                CH₃COOH   +    KOH      à        CH₃COO^-K⁺    +    H₂O

                 e)  Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and calcium carbonate  [1]

                                2CH₃COOH   +    CaCO₃      à        (CH₃COO^-)₂Ca²⁺    +    H₂O   +   CO₂

    2)          Esterification can be reversed by hydrolysis.  Write equations for the hydrolysis of:       

                 a)  Acid hydrolysis of Methyl propanoate  [1]

                                CH₃CH₂COOCH₃    +    H₂O     à     CH₃CH₂COOH   +    HOCH₃

                 b)  Acid hydrolysis of Ethyl methanoate  [1]

                                HCOOCH₂CH₃    +    H₂O     à     HCOOH   +    HOCH₂CH₃

                 c)  Alkaline hydrolysis (NaOH) of Propyl ethanoate  [1]

                                CH₃COOCH₂CH₂CH₃    +    NaOH     à     CH₃COO^-Na⁺   +    HOCH₂CH₂CH₃

                 d)  Alkaline hydrolysis (NaOH) of Methyl ethanoate  [1]

                                CH₃COOCH₃    +    NaOH     à     CH₃COO^-Na⁺   +    HOCH₃

    3)          Ethanoic anhydride is much more reactive than ethanoic acid.

                 a)  Draw the structure of ethanoic anydride and explain how it is formed:  [1]

                 b)  Write an equation for the formation of methyl ethanoate using ethanoic anyhdride  [2]

                                                          Methyl ethanoate as product [1]

                                                          Rest of the equation  [1]